Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Persuasion - Essay Example y means a change in how you think about something, but also how you behave† (Principles of Persuasion, 2009) The persuader must be a role model and should be able to show the practical ways persuasion rather than delivering lectures about it. Persuasion has many dimensions and characteristics. Self persuasion and persuasion of others are two different aspects of persuasion. The techniques used to persuade others may not be successful for self persuasion. â€Å"An issue usually has two sides. To put it another way: Usually theres another side to any story. Recognizing this principle will bring some modesty to the persuaders attitude. He will realize that there are more gray areas in the world than purely white or black† (Principles of Persuasion, 2009). Usually, while I was studying, I have not thought much about the other sides of my studies. In other words, I never approached my studies in a critical manner. Whatever the written facts about a particular topic have been learned in a straight forwards manner. But after realising the persuasion principle mentioned above, I have changed my entire attitudes towards my studies and course works. I have realized that normally the knowledge sources provide only one side (White) of the facts and in order to complete our knowledge we need to find out the other side (Black) of the fact and also the one in between these two sides of the facts (Gray). For example, we all know that terrori sm is a serious issue, current world is facing. Most of the articles and the news papers will give us volumes of literatures about the darker sides of terrorism. But only limited people explore the brighter sides of terrorism. America is currently using the war against terrorism for executing their secret mission in Afghanistan and Iraq. Many people believe that the current war against terrorism is aimed at exploiting the oil, natural resources and fresh water resources of these countries. The gray side of terrorism is the reasons behind

When you Believe by Whitney Houston Essay Example for Free

When you Believe by Whitney Houston Essay â€Å"There can be miracle, if you believe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  such a great line to listen to from the song When you Believe by Whitney Houston. Nowadays, it seems like the word believe is taken lightly. Originally, the word believe has been associated with anything that is religious or spiritual. I remember when I was young, and I would ask someone older than I am if there really is a God, and sometimes they would just tell me that â€Å"hey, young one, all you have to do is believe then you would be able to understand†. You can never be a part of any religious community if you don’t believe in the same things that they believe in. â€Å"Must believe to truly acknowledge their faith† (Harris). Sometimes if there is something that you simply just don’t understand you would need concrete answers not to just â€Å"believe†. One good assumption is that, if there is no religion, then the word believe wouldn’t even exist in our language. Logically, if there are no rules or anything to â€Å"believe† in, then everything would simply be in chaos. People would not fear to do anything bad. The usual things that, say a priest, especially in the early days is that if a person does something unacceptable, then his soul would suffer in the fires of hell for eternity, and that is not something anyone would want to happen. Furthermore, the word believe is like â€Å"Saving faith† (The Oxford English Dictionary 783) Most of the times, whenever the word believe is mentioned in the â€Å"Holy Bible† it would be directed towards one specific thing, say for example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"For GOD so loved the world, he gave his only son, and whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life† (John 3:16) In most religions, they based their practices, teachings, beliefs and way of life according to what their scripture states. It is wrong for them to disobey what they believe in.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mental acceptance of the truth or actually of something† (Roget’s II The New Thesaurus 85). The followers of a religion simply follow things not because they understand why they have to do it but simply because from the very first, they were brought up to be â€Å"blindly-obedient†. Religious leaders just tell their followers that whatever is written down on their scripture is true and real, even though they have no evidence or whatever it is that they believe in. Take for example for Catholics or Christians; they say that the Holy Bible was written with men guided by the Holy Spirit. Who would ever question something that the elders and the leaders say â€Å"all good and powerful? What makes people continue to struggle everyday is because they believe that somehow, when they die, there would be a better place for them provided that they have been good and they kept their faith in their god. Essentially, believing in something makes people hope and dream. It is like an anchor to them, salvation maybe. â€Å"I believe firmly what I read in the Holy Scriptures†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (MacMillan 41) Mostly, the Christians focus what their beliefs more on the New Testament rather than the Old Testament, but aside from the Holy Scriptures, there are also other basis of what Christians believe in like sacred statues, parades of these statues, feasts and a lot of other practices that they believe in. Furthermore, there are also the 7 sacraments, 10 commandments and such that basically reinforce a Christian’s belief in Christianity. Christianity has been directly linked to the word believe simply because in the early days, and throughout the history of Christianity, a person would have no way of really proving whether the people, claiming to have talked to the â€Å"Lord† really did or simply hallucinations of a hopeless person. Anyhow, in the early days, what they believe in has been their anchor and their pillar of strength that somehow, god is there to help if you believe wholeheartedly and trust in god. The word believe is synonymous to the faith. And sometimes they are used interchangeably in but that faith is like a stronger word than believe simply because when you have faith in something, even though there is no proof that something is true or real, you would still â€Å"believe† in your heart and mind with full conviction that it is true. Believing in god brings Christianity. Aside from the fact that according to the Holy Scripture, Jesus Christ is the son of god, therefore, if you believe in god, you also believe in Jesus Christ thus, Christianity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another good point is that people have greater tendency to believe in people rather than in its meaning. It’s easier to believe in something that you can see or hear, in other words, something tangible than what is more of a subjective meaning. Things and events have different meaning depending on who interprets it. Take for example this line: â€Å"If Jesus Christ were to come today, people would not even crucify him† (MacMillan 41). Most people do not even know why he was crucified or why he let himself be crucified. People simply believed in the idea that it is because he is good and would do anything for the salvation of mankind. Sometimes, in fear of going against what the majority of a religion’s followers believe in, people tend not to question what obviously is a very controversial belief. And sometimes people worship a person even without scrutinizing what he really is and if what he represents is honest and true. Believers have the tendency to just look at the surface and not on what is the entirety of a person they worship. One good deed or one good trait and you’re on a pedestal. And because of this one-way and blind belief, what happens, most often than not is that what is written on the scriptures are taken literally and not on what it was trying to imply. In fear of interpreting it the wrong way and violating their religion, people are more inclined to either interpret it literally, thus defeating the purpose of their belief even without being aware of it.   The difference between hearing and listening is that when you hear something it does not necessarily imply that you understood, but listening is understanding what was being said and analyzing whether it is rightful or valid. Common problem of most followers is that they hear what preachers are saying but they do not understand what was being said and what to do about it. In reality, most of the people who have so much trust and belief are either not well read or was not given enough opportunity for a higher education. I remember a time that my uncle told me that â€Å"religion is an anchor for the hopeless†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this day and age, most people tend to believe in what they see and can prove to be trustworthy and reliable like a friend, a lover, a family member. â€Å"To have confidence or faith in (a person), and consequently to rely upon, trust to† (The Oxford English Dictionary 783) Through time, people started to realize that statements like â€Å"in god’s time† or â€Å"its god’s will†, and â€Å"if you pray hard enough, god will give you your heart’s desire†. People started realizing that if they put everything in what they are told to believe in, then nothing good would happen or it would take a long time before it happens. If you talk to god about your burdens, yes, it feels good to unburden one’s worries if they would talk back to you or show that they understand and can empathize and give suggestions on how to go about finding solutions or doing the right course of action. Eventually, what started out as a mutual need for something to rely on, their friendship eventually becomes their faith: faith that when they need comfort, support or help, that other person would be around. â€Å"The only people I can trust are my friends† (Mulageta).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, absolute trust in another human being became the salvation of some while for some, they have substituted religion. â€Å"Absolute certainty in the trustworthiness of another† (Roget’s II The New Thesaurus 85) While for some, friendship has become a very good substitute for religion, for others it became their downfall because due to so much belief in the trustworthiness of a friend, they are easily influenced or coerced into doing things that are sometimes inappropriate and have poor judgment, mostly character-wise and at times, even on things that should not be said or done. Tendency of a person is that if majority of the population believes in something, natural assumption is that it couldn’t be that bad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Today’s media also plays a big part in using words or actions to make people believe in whatever they wanted to make people believe in, a commercial for a product, a movie, a gossip, news and so many other things that sometimes it feels like we are being manipulated into believing something. â€Å"Something believed or accepted as true by a person† (Roget’s II The New Thesaurus 85). Due to so many ways and techniques of the media to get a point across, we are eventually led to believe in statements that are not even facts but are designed to manipulate us into acting according to what they want. We became so dependent on others for opinions on what is right or wrong that we need them to tell us what exactly to believe in before we act on anything. There are so many propaganda techniques used by the media to sell an idea that we can’t actually tell what is true and what is not, that we just assume all the things we see and hear are all true. Most of the times, what the media claims to be true is not really true at all. But then, that is after we initially believed and acted according to what we believed and perceived to be true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Similarly, science also makes people believe in things the way it does on textbooks, as it is. But then some things are not yet discovered or can be explained yet because it is yet to be researched or experimented on. â€Å"To view in a certain way† (Roget’s II The New Thesaurus 85) Science made scholar think in a systematic and logical way that sometimes instincts or feelings are disregarded if it cannot be proven.   The outcome is that, science made some think so logically that they do not make room for possibilities and what-ifs. They seem to think inside a box and that the environment is so isolated. â€Å"If it was proven and tested, then it must be true† (Touneh). Consequently, if it is not written on a journal or book then it is not true, if it says in a book that it is true then it must be even though logically, it doesn’t seem to make any sense at all. Sometimes, the truth of a statement is based on how famous or known the person who said that specific statement. They believe everything in a scientific way and yet science cannot prove anything. It is merely a combination of a series of tests and theories that has logically proved an assumption or idea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Originally, my idea of the word believe is simply to trust in what was said to be true and considered facts. But then, on the process of writing this paper, I slowly realized that believing is a dangerous word, not literally but figuratively speaking. What I thought is true could actually be a misunderstanding of what is really being conveyed. Believing in something I learned, is trusting absolutely even without evidence to prove it that it is true. There are times, from the research that I have done that believing in something so much can be harmful if good judgment and caution is not used. By believing in something, somehow, you let that specific idea or person take over some parts of your life. Believing is a good a good thing if used appropriately. Not everything is true just because many people claim it to be as such. I had so much in depth understanding that I was able to understand that from different areas of the world, the belief of a person in something is so important but as sad it is to say, it has also been abused by so many people.

Comparing the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Different Alcohols :: Enthalpy

Comparing the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Different Alcohols Aim: I will find the enthalpy change of combustion of a number of alcohols so that I can investigate how and why enthalpy change is affected by molecular structure of the alcohol. Outline: I will use Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol and Butanol in the experiment. I will use these four because they should give me clear results, and they range from short chained to long-chained hydrocarbons, so patterns should be easy to spot in the conclusion. Variables: My independent variables are - The type of alcohol (I will use ethanol, methanol, propanol and butanol) My dependant variables are - the specific heating capacity of water - Mass of water in grams - Change in temperature of water My control variables are - The change in temperature of water- 20..C - The mass of water. If this were changed then all the results would be wrong, because it would take different amounts of energy to heat different volumes of water - The distance from the bottom of the calorimeter to the top of the wick. Otherwise different amounts of energy could escape each time making it an unfair test. Plan: From carrying out the follow experiment I will be able to find out the enthalpy change of each fuel I am testing. The enthalpy change of combustion of a fuel is the measure of energy transferred when one mole of fuel burns completely. I will use the fact that 42 Joules of energy are required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 C. Enthalpy change varies according to the following conditions – temperature, pressure and concentration of solutions. Therefore I will use a standard pressure of I atmosphere, a standard concentration of 1 mol dm†¦.3 and finally a specified temperature of†¦. I will use the equation enthalpy change = cm†¦..T c- Specific heating capacity of water m- Mass of water in grams †¦T- Change in temperature of water I will then compare the enthalpy changes and the types of molecular structures and so I will able to out why enthalpy change is affected by the molecular structure of the alcohol Prediction: I predict that as the number of carbons in the alcohol is increased, the enthalpy of combustion also increases. The enthalpy change of combustion of alcohols increases as the length of the chain increases. This can be explained if we compare one alcohol with the next in the series. The chain length increases with an addition of a CH2 group. When the alcohol is combusted what actually happens is the covalent bonds are broken, and new bond are formed.

Abortion :: essays research papers fc

Abortion With 2000 being a presidential election year, the question of pro-choice or pro-life is once again a prominent issue. I am and have been a pro-choice advocate since I first understood the issue. The upcoming election has made me revisit the main reasons for my position. For me, two main reasons for supporting pro-choice are the medical and social benefits the country has experienced since the Supreme Court legalized abortion in 1973. The most important medical benefit has been the end of the â€Å"back alley butchers† who left many women dead or mutilated. Legal abortion has proven to be safe, while illegal abortion has not. In 1965, 193 women died from illegal abortions, and 17% of all deaths due to pregnancy and childbirth in that year were caused by illegal abortions. (Medical screen 2) Current death rate from abortion is 0.6 per 100,000. This means that abortion is 11 times safer than carrying a pregnancy to term. (Medical screen 2) In other countries where abortion is illegal it is a leading cause of maternal death. (Safety screen 1) Along with the medical benefits, there have also been many social benefits due to the legalization of abortion. Unfit mothers and teenagers no longer are forced to carry out there pregnancies and have to care for an unwanted child. Couples who have a high risk of giving birth to babies with genetic disorders are now more willing to try and conceive because of the availability of safe legal abortions. (Medical screen 2) States with stricter abortion laws spend far more money per child on things such as foster care, welfare, and education then states with more lenient laws. (Medical screen 2-3) Last is my conviction that each individual woman, and no one else, has the right to carry out or abort her pregnancy. Every woman can do what she wants with her bodies without any government intervention. The Supreme Court based women’s right to an abortion on the right of privacy, or the right of people to make choices about their personal and reproductive life without interference from the state. (McDonagh 4) Upon revisiting my reasons for supporting the pro-choice movement, I am more convinced than ever that my beliefs are justified.

Cyber Crime Essay

Chapter I Introduction When did this new and insidious variety of crime actually come into being? One may say that the concept of the computer came with the invention of the first abacus, hence it can be said that â€Å"cybercrime†. It has been around ever since people used calculating machines for wrong purposes. However, cybercrime has shown itself as a serious threat to society for less than a decade. Before we plunge into the world of cybercrime, it is necessary to have some basic understanding of how the cyber world evolved. In 1981 Ian Murphy, aka â€Å"Captain Zap†, became first felon convicted of a computer crime. Murphy broke into AT&T’s computers and changed the billing clock so that people receive discounted rates during normal business hours, Ian Murphy was greeted with 1,000 hours of community service and 21/2 years probation. Cybercrime refers to any crime that involves a  computer  and a  network, where the computers may or may not have played an instrumental part in the commission of a  crime. Net crime  refers, more precisely, to criminal exploitation of the  Internet. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, particularly those surrounding  hacking,  copyright infringement, child pornography, and  child grooming. There are also problems of  privacy  when  confidential  information is lost or intercepted, lawfully or otherwise. On the global level, both governments and non-state actors continue to grow in importance, with the ability to engage in such activities as  espionage,  financial theft, and other cross-border crimes sometimes referred to as  cyber warfare. The international legal system is attempting to hold actors accountable for their actions, with the  International Criminal Court  among the few addressing this threat. Cyber crime is a growing threat to our societies today. EU member states suffer daily thousands of attacks against their information systems. Viruses facilitating stealing information from personal computers, spam, identity theft, and child pornography are increasingly widespread. According to recent reports, images of sexually abused children available on-line quadrupled in the last five years and half of all internet crime involves the production, distribution and sale of child pornography. The European Commission has cooperated closely with the French Presidency and the Member States in the elaboration of a series of practical measures to fight cyber crime. The new strategy recommends reinforcing partnership between the police and the private sector by better knowledge-sharing on investigation methods and trends in cyber crime. It also encourages both parties to respond quickly to information requests, resort to remote searches, cyber patrols for online tracking of criminals and joint investigations across borders. The strategy also calls for the setting up of an alert platform in the short term, where reports on crime committed on the Internet, such as posting of illegal content, in EU member states would be pooled for cross-checking by Europol. The Commission earmarked 300,000 euro for Europol to implement the platform. Vice-President Jacques Barrot highlighted the importance of this strategy by saying â€Å"The strategy encourages the much needed operational cooperation and Information exchange between the Member States. It gives a shared responsibility to the Commission, the Member States and other stakeholders to introduce the different measures. If the strategy is to make the fight against cyber crime more efficient, all stakeholders have to be fully committed to its implementation. We are ready to support them, also financially, in their efforts. † Cybercrimes committed against persons include various crimes like transmission of child-pornography, harassment of any one with the use of a computer such as e-mail. The trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material including pornography and indecent exposure, constitutes one of the most important Cybercrimes known today. The potential harm of such a crime to humanity can hardly be amplified. This is one Cybercrime which threatens to undermine the growth of he younger generation as also leave irreparable scars and injury on the younger generation, if not controlled. A minor girl in Ahmadabad was lured to a private place through cyber chat by a man, who, along with his friends, attempted to gang rape her. As some passersby heard her cry, she was rescued. Another example wherein the damage was not done to a person but to the masses is the case of the Melissa virus. The Melissa virus fi rst appeared on the internet in March of 1999. It spread rapidly throughout computer systems in the United States and Europe. It is estimated that the virus caused 80 million dollars in damages to computers worldwide. In the United States alone, the virus made its way through 1. 2 million computers in one-fifth of the country’s largest businesses. David Smith pleaded guilty on Dec. 9, 1999 to state and federal charges associated with his creation of the Melissa virus. There are numerous examples of such computer viruses few of them being â€Å"Melissa† and â€Å"love bug†. Cyber harassment is a distinct Cybercrime. Various kinds of harassment can and do occur in cyberspace, or through the use of cyberspace. Harassment can be sexual, racial, religious, or other. Persons perpetuating such harassment are also guilty of cybercrimes. Cyber harassment as a crime also brings us to another related area of violation of privacy of citizens. Violation of privacy of online citizens is a Cybercrime of a grave nature. No one likes any other person invading the invaluable and extremely touchy area of his or her own privacy which the medium of internet grants to the citizen. The second category of Cyber-crimes is that of Cybercrimes against all forms of property. These crimes include computer vandalism (destruction of others’ property), transmission of harmful programmers. A Mumbai-based upstart engineering company lost a say and much money in the business when the rival company, an industry major, stole the technical database from their computers with the help of a corporate cyber spy. ——————————————– [ 2 ]. History of Cyber Crime [ 3 ]. Definition of Cyber Crime http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Computer_crime [ 4 ]. Fight against Cyber Crime Vice-President Jacques Barrot [ 5 ]. Cyber crime against our society today

What Does Feminism Stand For Who are These Creatures who call themselves Feminists

What Does Feminism Stand For Who are These Creatures who call themselves Feminists A layman views feminism as being focused on women gaining equal rights to men. However, this is a very simplistic way of addressing feminism. In reality, feminism is much more complex and larger than merely describing equality for women (Weisberg 234).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Does Feminism Stand For? Who are These Creatures who call themselves Feminists? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Feminist philosophy espouses various hidden as well as non-expressed desires of all the people with regard to human equality. It is both an intellectual commitment and a political movement that seeks for womens justice as well as an end of all kinds of sexism (Dutt 238). Generally, people disagree on a number of issues. For instance, they are against of the common definition of sexism. This question should reflect their craving for equality and measures which are to be done to achieve it. Whilst many people can easily def ine feminism, there is a need for deeper understanding of what feminism is and who qualifies to be termed a feminist. Feminist concept varies in two ways in majority sociological hypotheses (Walker 89). Firstly, it is the function of a multidisciplinary, multicultural as well as worldwide community, which consists of not only sociologists, but also professionals from several other professions, artistic authors as well as political activists. Subsequently, feminist sociologists operate with a dual goal to expand a deepen sociology by reviewing professional understanding. It is also necessary to take into account breakthroughs being attained by feminist scholars and to grow a crucial comprehension for a culture in order to alter the globe in guidelines considered much more humane. Various feminists want the society to accept that there is no strategic means of unifying different sexism instances and correspondingly, the lacks of a strategic unity in what constitutes feminism. Rather f eminism should be viewed as an avenue for coalition building (Dutt 236). Different entities operate to deal with various forms of oppressive actions; some entities handle oppression against females as of fundamental concern.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, feminists are motivated by the pursuit for social justice. The feminist inquiry offers a wide range of standpoints with regard to social, cultural, economic, as well as political aspects (Duplessis and Ann 34). Understanding feminism begins with developing an undertaking of the theory itself, as well as the politics surrounding it. Further, the sub-entries of feminism include aspects like disability, globalization, sex work, human trafficking, as well as sexuality, among others (Walker 99). These aspects extend the understanding as well as the scope of feminism. Different cultures, even without their own comprehensi on describe various aspects of feminism uniquely. For instance, within the African culture, feminism will show much focus on fighting the tradition that deters progress of women. In such societies, women have for long been sidelined in decision making and generally treated as the weaker sex (Kiss 343). The society has shaped women to be ‘submissive’ to men regardless of whether they are being oppressed or not. This is very much unlike the western civilization where women have long been accepted as participants within every process in the society. However, within such a society, another aspect of feminism emerging is the role of sexuality (Walker 102). As one would ask, is the western culture treating women as sexual objects? Broadly speaking, most societies describe feminism goal as being to end oppression and hence stresses that women oppression is not only unjust but an unethical practice. The perspective is likely to differ within diverse cultures and it must be ackn owledged that women oppression goes beyond the rhetorical sexism. Emerging issues from diverse cultures include: classism, homophobia, racial feminism, ageism, as well as ableism, among other areas (Jaggar 98).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Does Feminism Stand For? Who are These Creatures who call themselves Feminists? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is sure, is that all societies agree that unequally is unjust, thats why feminists should fight for their rights to restore the justice. However, a closer look emphasizes that accomplishing feminism goals necessitates dealing with racism, as well as economic exploitation suffered by women (Jaggar 67). Information from different cultures reveal that women from different racial backgrounds suffer from different forms of exploitation. The plight of women in African societies definitely differs from that of white women, or Indian women. This implies that femini sts must address the issue of race. A fundamental question to query the racial perspective is how often a white woman will get similar treatment as the one accorded to a black woman (Delphy 87). Moreover, one can watch the media display pictures of women from different backgrounds and the plight they suffer. Feminism is a fight for liberty that is one of the larger battles to eliminate all forms of superiority. It is important to understand how patriarchal domination shares ideologies with racial foundations as well as other forms of oppression (Herrman and Abigail 131). The feminism aspect cannot be eradicated while leaving intact the other aspects. Such knowledge plays an important role in both feministic theory and practice. Feministic theory is a generalized from this point. It is meant to be wide ranging system constituted of ideas about social life as well as human experience based on a woman-focused viewpoint. There are three ways by which feminism is woman centered. Firstly, it begins with investigation, which seeks to establish the situations and experiences encountered by women in the society (Herrman and Abigail 132). Secondly, feminism puts women at its centre by seeking to view the world from an exclusive vantage point for women within the social sphere.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thirdly, feminist theory acts as a critical basis for activitism on behalf of the female-kind. It attempts to create a world where all humankind can live as equals. More answers are still general after decades of posing the question to the women’s plight in the society. Women are found within all social scenarios. Where they are absent, it is due to the fact that they don’t have the ability or desire, but due to the fact that there has been a purposive endeavor to leave them out. Where there are women, they have exercised roles extremely diverse from the well-known conception of them (with regard to roles of being passive wives or girlfriends as well as mothers). In fact, as wives and mothers as well as in a sequence of various other tasks, females have, alongside men, actively produced the ideals of being desired (Kiss 345). Females are actively present in the majority of social circumstances, professions, publics as well as community roles where a blind eye has been turned to the women’s contribution. Furthermore, female roles in a lot of social circumstances, whilst crucial, are diverse ranging from, much less fortunate compared to, to beings subordinate to men. Paying no attention to the role of women in society is a key to notice inequality. Feminisms second fundamental query, then, is: Why are things the way they are? The initial query demands for an explanation of the social community, the second query requires an explanation of the community. Feminisms responses to these types of queries provide people with a common social concept. Delphy, Christine. Close to Home: A Materialist Analysis of Womens Oppression, Trans. Diane Leonard. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984. Duplessis, Rachel and Ann, Snitow. The Feminist Memoir Project: Voices from Womens Liberation, New York: Random House, 2008. Dutt, Martin. â€Å"Reclaiming a Human Rights Culture: Feminism of Difference and Alliance.† In Talking Visions: Multicultu ral Feminism in a Transnational Age, ed., Ella Shohat. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998, 225-246 Herrman, Anne and Abigail, Stewart. Theorizing Feminism: Parallel Trends in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2007. Jaggar, Alison. Feminist Politics and Human Nature, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1983. Kiss, Elizabeth. â€Å"Feminism and Rights.† Dissent, 42.3 (2002): 342-347. Walker, Margaret. Moral Understandings: A Feminist Study in Ethics, New York: Routledge, 2005. Weisberg, Kelly. Feminist Legal Theory: Foundations, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.

Free Essays on World War1

World War One or ‘The Great War’ as it became known, occurred due to many causes, some of which still remain unexposed today. The obvious trigger for the war was the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie on 28th June 1914. The assassination occurred during the Archduke’s visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Archduke was targeted due to the general feeling amongst Serbians that, once appointed to the throne, Ferdinand would continue the persecution of Serbs living within the borders of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Just moments after the two had been shot; authorities arrested the culprit, Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian student, who was believed to have been linked to the Serbian terrorist organization, The Black Hand. Causes of the war also dealt with such ideologies as Nationalism, Imperialism and militarism along with the prominent alliance systems in Europe all strongly affected the outbreak of the war. All of these factors where established in many of Europe’s ‘Great Powers’ which consisted of Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia. During the late nineteenth and into the twentieth centuries, Nationalism was a prominent movement that had spread itself across Europe. All major powers had strong feelings toward the concepts of supporting their own nation. Nationalists believed that their own nation’s needs must be met before that of other nations. These strong beliefs sometimes became obsessive as nationalists became so proud of their nation that they strived for it to become richer and more powerful than any other. This wave of national pride became a major problem for the Austro-Hungarian Empire as they attempted to maintain a form of order and control within the annexed area of Bosnia. This power was placed under threat due to the Slavonic peoples dislike of their Austro-Hungarian superiors and ther... Free Essays on World War1 Free Essays on World War1 World War One or ‘The Great War’ as it became known, occurred due to many causes, some of which still remain unexposed today. The obvious trigger for the war was the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie on 28th June 1914. The assassination occurred during the Archduke’s visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Archduke was targeted due to the general feeling amongst Serbians that, once appointed to the throne, Ferdinand would continue the persecution of Serbs living within the borders of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Just moments after the two had been shot; authorities arrested the culprit, Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian student, who was believed to have been linked to the Serbian terrorist organization, The Black Hand. Causes of the war also dealt with such ideologies as Nationalism, Imperialism and militarism along with the prominent alliance systems in Europe all strongly affected the outbreak of the war. All of these factors where established in many of Europe’s ‘Great Powers’ which consisted of Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia. During the late nineteenth and into the twentieth centuries, Nationalism was a prominent movement that had spread itself across Europe. All major powers had strong feelings toward the concepts of supporting their own nation. Nationalists believed that their own nation’s needs must be met before that of other nations. These strong beliefs sometimes became obsessive as nationalists became so proud of their nation that they strived for it to become richer and more powerful than any other. This wave of national pride became a major problem for the Austro-Hungarian Empire as they attempted to maintain a form of order and control within the annexed area of Bosnia. This power was placed under threat due to the Slavonic peoples dislike of their Austro-Hungarian superiors and ther...

Btec Essay Example

Btec Essay Example Btec Essay Btec Essay The purpose of this assignment: In this assignment you will be introduced to the different forms of businesses with a umber of different purposes and forms of ownership. They have a range of different stakeholders within and outside of them who have different points of view can influence what the organization does. Scenario You work within an important functional unit of the Bristol City Council, the Economic Development Unit. The Council is considering developing a Business Park on the outskirts of Bristol and this important unit deals with the planning and analysis of employment trends in the Bristol area, as well as promoting the area as a good place to do business. The aim of the council is to encourage new businesses to locate to the new business park so that Jobs are created and the local economy grows. One of the strategies of the unit is to encourage a wide range of types of organization, from a range of sectors (both public private) to consider relocating here. You are required to investigate some organizations create a well structured report about them, so that the staff of your unit, as well as local councilors, will know about possible new businesses in the area. You are to focus on two contrasting organizations this could mean from the public and private sector or two different types Trot Walt Task 1 In letter sector. Business organizations exist for many different purposes and have a range of aims and objectives. Privately owned businesses usually aim to make a profit for the owner(s); publicly owned organizations work to deliver services and there are many organizations working for a common cause or service rather than a profit. All these businesses employ staff and use other resources and are important to the economy off region. ) Select two contrasting business organizations in your local area that might be interested in relocating to the new business park. B) Describe the purpose ownership of each business. Task 1 addresses the Pl criterion. Deadline for Task Date handed back Task 2 All organizations have groups or individuals who are said to be stakeholders in the business. This nearness that they have an interest in the actions, performance or plans of the business. For example, a decision to move location affects staff, suppliers, neighbors and customers, all of whom are stakeholders. To help staff understand how stakeholders influence business organizations, in the next section of your report you should: Describe the different stakeholders of each of the selected contrasting organizations Task 1 addresses the UP criterion. Task 3 In doing the above task you have mentioned stakeholders and referred to the fact that they tend to look at organizations from different viewpoints. This nearness that they can try to influence decision makers for different reasons. For example, a worker finding out that the business is to move to new premises may protest Ana try to stop tons; a suppler won thanks Nat tons would De netter Tort deliveries would support the decision. Stakeholders have many reasons for expressing their views. In the next section of your report, explain the points of view of different stakeholders seeking to influence the aims and objectives of these two contrasting organizations. What are they trying to achieve from influencing the business? What impact do they have on shaping the aims and objectives? Task 1 addresses the MI criterion. This brief has been verified as being fit for purpose Assessor Signature Date Internal verifier Assessment Grading Criteria To achieve the pass criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to; Pl Describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting organizations UP Describe the different stakeholders who influence the purpose of two contrasting businesses To achieve the merit criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to; MI explain the points of view of different stakeholders seeking to influence the aims and objectives of two contrasting organizations To achieve the distinction criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to; n/a

Analysis of Chakushin Ari Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Analysis of Chakushin Ari Film - Essay Example Supernaturalism, monsters, cults, mad scientist, old castles, graveyards, and uncharted islands are some of the features of a horror film. Films not dealing with those particulars are to be classified as something else. The test of a film should be the film itself not the broad terms used to describe it. When a film is judged in terms of its photography, direction, acting or in terms of its relevance contemporary nature of its contents, the horror film is worse than the ordinary drama or comedy. Scholars have asserted that the aforementioned features are not the only measures to categorize a horror movie. Arguably, the external appearance of films can fail to indicate the right direction hence necessary to incorporate emotional factors. Ignoring the emotions in the horror film may easily make one to point in the wrong direction. A film gains popularity if it can provoke emotions of the viewers and therefore, the more the provocative emotions in a film the more quality it becomes, as in the case of â€Å"Chakushin Ari†Ã¢â‚¬  film. In this context, horror films are more provocative than others making the genre become famous hence gaining more viewers.Any filmmaker should turn a script or a concept into a series of sounds and images that express the essence and the surface of the source. Making a successful horror film, the filmmaker should decide the primary of the production of horror. Why, for instance, a film like â€Å"Chakushin Ari† is labeled a work of horror and not a murder thriller or a detective? Anyone who has ever watched this film would admit that it inspires dread and fear and therefore deserves the name horror film. The structure of horror film â€Å"Chakushin Ari† is an example of films that employ much the same devices and method, as does the horror film. The form in which the film is presented and the content within the same film determine if they a contain a feature of horror films. Therefore, from the features, it is possible to verdict if such a film is an exclusive work of horror. The films of this genre are not just a sequence of events but also unity of a certain kind of actions. Horror, like comedy, drama, or suspense

EvidenceBased Practice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EvidenceBased Practice - Coursework Example The open-ended questions are useful where the researcher is not aware of the expected responses and are a characteristic of the qualitative research (Houser, 2013). Reliability is the concern seeking to address the issue of stability and consistency. Tools and other instrumentations need to project stable and consistent results when the research or experiment gets repeated over time. In research, reliability is the condition through which a measurement process yields this consistency in the scores received given there are no changes in phenomenon over repeated measurements. Reliability is essential in that the results attained depict the actual measures affecting a particular phenomenon. In that case, the researcher can prescribe the best remedy and make a conclusion regarding the issue under consideration (QMSS, n.d). Researchers need to ensure that instrumentations are reliable before relying on the information from this hardware in reach a conclusion. High levels of reliability reduce measurement errors and in the case actual effects of an intervention get identified. To achieve reliability then the researcher needs to consider the calibration especially in the measure of non-physiologic characteristics in the instrumentation and between raters (Houser,

Deferent between men and women in media IN American culture Essay

Deferent between men and women in media IN American culture - Essay Example For example, a woman might purchase a car because it shows a baby well placed and secure in it. Decision making during advertisements distinguishes men and women Men usually make decisions through an elimination process because they choose the aspects of advertisements that matter. Consequently, they usually eliminate aspects that are non-beneficial and unlikely to affect how they view products. For example, a man might purchase a Volkswagen Golf regardless of its small size because it has a powerful engine compared to most Toyotas. Women make decisions after comprehensively examining the various variables and attributes. For example, a woman’s choice to purchase a Volkswagen Golf will be dependent on the size, engine capacity, face value and cost. It is crucial to acknowledge that gender identification, advertising and decision-making usually distinguish men and women. It determines their attitude and outlook towards advertisement. It also determines their perception and ability to

Activity Based Costing vs.Traditional Approach (Sober Plc) Essay

Activity Based Costing vs.Traditional Approach (Sober Plc) - Essay Example Financial information forms the basis for much of the decision-making for organizations, and the need for more accurate information continues to grow. Ignorance of the manufacturing realities may put an organization at risk of losing its competitive edge, which inevitably results in loss of profitability and crippling losses. Traditional volume based costing techniques present numerous challenges to organizations, especially in the modern manufacturing environments, where the overhead costs continue to rise. In addition, introduction of new technological advancements in the production processes invalidates traditional cost allocation mechanisms and articulates the need for organizations to switch to new and more market aware costing systems. This paper discusses traditional versus activity based costing with regard to a case on a global motorcycle company currently in a managerial stalemate over the most appropriate costing method. Introduction Traditional costing techniques can be h ighly misleading in their estimation costs of particular products, markets, or organization activities. Traditional approach to allocation of overheads is blind to the factors that drive costs, which are known as cost centres in activity based costing (Luehfing, 2005). ... Background to the Case The senior management staff at Sober Limited engages in a heated ideological standoff because of different viewpoints regarding the appropriate accounting policy for the company. The finance manager proposes adoption of a new costing system, which is activity based costing (ABC), and highlights the fact that the method can prove that the production of one of the company’s primary products, Fireball motorcycle, is no longer profitable, and in fact eats into the company’s profits from other segments. The chairman, critical of activity based costing and favourably predisposed towards traditional costing methodology, expresses his confidence in existing costing methodology, which shows that the production of Fireball is still a viable and profitable option. In addition, the chair claims that the use of activity based costing will only result in unnecessary cost overruns for the company. Analysis of labour hours and ABC in the context of Sober Public L imited Company Sober uses traditional volume based absorption costing to allocate overheads. The company allocates overheads according to the number of labour hours, although sweeping technological changes have put serious credibility as to the relevance of the use of labour hours to allocate costs. The company has had to reduce the size of the workforce due to the introduction of new manufacturing technology. New and more fitting cost drivers than labour hours are now available, and they include deliveries to retailers, set-up costs, and purchase orders. The company seriously considering and questioning the appropriateness of traditional cost allocation methods for overheads in the fundamentally altered manufacturing and market environments. The company sells the motorcycles globally, and the

Routine Vaginal Examination in Labour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Routine Vaginal Examination in Labour - Essay Example Vaginal exams have become routine during pregnancy in most parts of the United States. Interpreting labour progress is complex and requires experience, knowledge, and judgment, which are aided by continuity of care from a midwife to the pregnant woman (Dixon & Foureur, 2010). In this essay we will be focusing on the vaginal examination in labour. It has been observed that vaginal examinations in labour are used as a procedure through which the healthcare professionals demonstrate the progress of labour and the condition of labouring women. Vaginal examination helps and guides the doctors and midwives to estimate the time left in labour. The care and importance that a woman experiences during her pregnancy always has a great influence on her (Beech & Phipps, 2004). The regular examination of vagina to evaluate the progress of labour is one such care. The woman through this examination can assess the length, strength, position, and intensity required to take it to the end. Vaginal exam ination is not just a routine practice; rather it is undertaken to get variety of information for the well being of a mother and her child. The information that the healthcare professionals get from it are the fetal presentation, information on cervical effacement, consistency and dilatation of cervix, head movement of the fetal, and position of the nuchal cord. The doctors and midwives get to know what is happening to the patient and her labour with regard to the intensity of contraction (Thorpe & Anderson, 2006). They can identify the length of cervix dilatation and the time remaining for the labour. Vaginal examinations remain the most traditional and acknowledged method of measuring progress in... This report stresses that the resistance from the leaders and the key people is logical while implementing the change. Resistance is also made from the individuals and groups in terms of emotions, and social ties, etc. The resistance that is valuable for leadership and organization in terms of rules, and structure of change is fairly reasonable. The building relationship of trust between supervisor and those who are working with them is also necessary. The midwives cannot adopt a change until they have seen the supervisor practicing it. For this purpose, the supervisors and leaders have to provide them with support and guidance. This paper makes a conclusion that the midwives’ practice and role is accounted as the most major during this process, even more vital than a doctor. It all depends on midwives whether they feel the need for a vaginal examination or not. Mostly, they are so experienced that they can anticipate about the progress of labour through the breathing and condition of a patient. Vaginal examination is considered to be an essential clinical assessment tool through which the progress of labour is determined. Before introducing a change, the supervisors and the key people have to make plans for its implementation and a strategy through which the midwives can easily adopt the change. For this the supervisors have to prepare themselves for the meetings, research the ways through which they can convince the midwives, and prioritize the actions. Bringing a change is not easy, and to implement a change, the change has to be valid and have proper consents.

Activity Based Costing vs.Traditional Approach (Sober Plc) Essay

Activity Based Costing vs.Traditional Approach (Sober Plc) - Essay Example Financial information forms the basis for much of the decision-making for organizations, and the need for more accurate information continues to grow. Ignorance of the manufacturing realities may put an organization at risk of losing its competitive edge, which inevitably results in loss of profitability and crippling losses. Traditional volume based costing techniques present numerous challenges to organizations, especially in the modern manufacturing environments, where the overhead costs continue to rise. In addition, introduction of new technological advancements in the production processes invalidates traditional cost allocation mechanisms and articulates the need for organizations to switch to new and more market aware costing systems. This paper discusses traditional versus activity based costing with regard to a case on a global motorcycle company currently in a managerial stalemate over the most appropriate costing method. Introduction Traditional costing techniques can be h ighly misleading in their estimation costs of particular products, markets, or organization activities. Traditional approach to allocation of overheads is blind to the factors that drive costs, which are known as cost centres in activity based costing (Luehfing, 2005). ... Background to the Case The senior management staff at Sober Limited engages in a heated ideological standoff because of different viewpoints regarding the appropriate accounting policy for the company. The finance manager proposes adoption of a new costing system, which is activity based costing (ABC), and highlights the fact that the method can prove that the production of one of the company’s primary products, Fireball motorcycle, is no longer profitable, and in fact eats into the company’s profits from other segments. The chairman, critical of activity based costing and favourably predisposed towards traditional costing methodology, expresses his confidence in existing costing methodology, which shows that the production of Fireball is still a viable and profitable option. In addition, the chair claims that the use of activity based costing will only result in unnecessary cost overruns for the company. Analysis of labour hours and ABC in the context of Sober Public L imited Company Sober uses traditional volume based absorption costing to allocate overheads. The company allocates overheads according to the number of labour hours, although sweeping technological changes have put serious credibility as to the relevance of the use of labour hours to allocate costs. The company has had to reduce the size of the workforce due to the introduction of new manufacturing technology. New and more fitting cost drivers than labour hours are now available, and they include deliveries to retailers, set-up costs, and purchase orders. The company seriously considering and questioning the appropriateness of traditional cost allocation methods for overheads in the fundamentally altered manufacturing and market environments. The company sells the motorcycles globally, and the

Value of college Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Value of college Education - Essay Example In this modern age of business and economy, the demand for higher education has increased tremendously. Anyone who cares for a better future strives to attain a college degree in order to get their dream jobs. The biggest advantage of having a college degree is getting a better job and also to be the best in the competitive job market. Most companies require their employees to have at least a four-year college degree and five years work experience in certain jobs they apply for before they are offered the jobs. College degree prepares a student for the task ahead in the job industries and that is a major reason why most people work extremely hard to attain college degree so that they are able to get the kind of jobs that they desire. I grew up in a very poor family where college is the last thing my parent want to spend money on. Looking at my surrounding, I figured out that the only discrimination in my society is whether you own a college degree or not. I made a promise to myself to step up to the standard of my society by working hard to ensure I have a college degree. It is very important to have a college degree in order to acquire and display necessary employability skills and create a pool of highly skilled labor that most companies are outsourcing from overseas. Most high-skilled jobs like accounting, information technology, and criminal justice among others require quality education that enables one to make the positive impact in the global market and also to continue to compete among the best in the global job market.

The Increased Use of Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

The Increased Use of Genetically Modified Food Essay Genetically-modified foods (GM foods) have made a big splash in the news lately. European environmental organizations and public interest groups have been actively protesting against GM foods for months, and recent controversial studies about the effects of genetically-modified corn pollen on monarch butterfly caterpillars1, 2 have brought the issue of genetic engineering to the forefront of the public consciousness in the U. S. In response to the upswelling of public concern, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held three open meetings in Chicago, Washington, D. C., and Oakland, California to solicit public opinions and begin the process of establishing a new regulatory procedure for government approval of GM foods3. I attended the FDA meeting held in November 1999 in Washington, D. C. , and here I will attempt to summarize the issues involved and explain the U. S. governments present role in regulating GM food. What are genetically-modified foods? The term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. The enhancement of desired traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methods can be very time consuming and are often not very accurate. Genetic engineering, on the other hand, can create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and with great accuracy. For example, plant geneticists can isolate a gene responsible for drought tolerance and insert that gene into a different plant. The new genetically-modified plant will gain drought tolerance as well. Not only can genes be transferred from one plant to another, but genes from non-plant organisms also can be used. The best known example of this is the use of B. t. genes in corn and other crops. B. t. , or Bacillus thuringiensis, is a naturally occurring bacterium that produces crystal proteins that are lethal to insect larvae. B. t. crystal protein genes have been transferred into corn, enabling the corn to produce its own pesticides against insects such as the European corn borer. For two informative overviews of some of the techniques involved in creating GM foods, visit Biotech Basics (sponsored by Monsanto) http://www. biotechknowledge. monsanto. com/biotech/bbasics. nsf/index or Techniques of Plant Biotechnology from the National Center for Biotechnology Education http://www. ncbe. reading. ac. uk/NCBE/GMFOOD/techniques. What are some of the advantages of GM foods? The world population has topped 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is going to be a major challenge in the years to come. GM foods promise to meet this need in a number of ways: Pest resistanceCrop losses from insect pests can be staggering, resulting in devastating financial loss for farmers and starvation in developing countries. Farmers typically use many tons of chemical pesticides annually. Consumers do not wish to eat food that has been treated with pesticides because of potential health hazards, and run-off of agricultural wastes from excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers can poison the water supply and cause harm to the environment. Growing GM foods such as B. t.corn can help eliminate the application of chemical pesticides and reduce the cost of bringing a crop to market4, 5. Herbicide toleranceFor some crops, it is not cost-effective to remove weeds by physical means such as tilling, so farmers will often spray large quantities of different herbicides (weed-killer) to destroy weeds, a time-consuming and expensive process, that requires care so that the herbicide doesnt harm the crop plant or the environment. Crop plants genetically-engineered to be resistant to one very powerful herbicide could help prevent environmental damage by reducing the amount of herbicides needed. For example, Monsanto has created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be not affected by their herbicide product Roundup  ®6. A farmer grows these soybeans which then only require one application of weed-killer instead of multiple applications, reducing production cost and limiting the dangers of agricultural waste run-off7. Disease resistance There are many viruses, fungi and bacteria that cause plant diseases. Plant biologists are working to create plants with genetically-engineered resistance to these diseases8, 9. Cold toleranceUnexpected frost can destroy sensitive seedlings. An antifreeze gene from cold water fish has been introduced into plants such as tobacco and potato. With this antifreeze gene, these plants are able to tolerate cold temperatures that normally would kill unmodified seedlings10. (Note: I have not been able to find any journal articles or patents that involve fish antifreeze proteins in strawberries, although I have seen such reports in newspapers. I can only conclude that nothing on this application has yet been published or patented.) Drought tolerance/salinity toleranceAs the world population grows and more land is utilized for housing instead of food production, farmers will need to grow crops in locations previously unsuited for plant cultivation. Creating plants that can withstand long periods of drought or high salt content in soil and groundwater will help people to grow crops in formerly inhospitable places11, 12. NutritionMalnutrition is common in third world countries where impoverished peoples rely on a single crop such as rice for the main staple of their diet. However, rice does not contain adequate amounts of all necessary nutrients to prevent malnutrition. If rice could be genetically engineered to contain additional vitamins and minerals, nutrient deficiencies could be alleviated. For example, blindness due to vitamin A deficiency is a common problem in third world countries. Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute for Plant Sciences have created a strain of golden rice containing an unusually high content of beta-carotene (vitamin A)13. Since this rice was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation14, a non-profit organization, the Institute hopes to offer the golden rice seed free to any third world country that requests it. Plans were underway to develop a golden rice that also has increased iron content. However, the grant that funded the creation of these two rice strains was not renewed, perhaps because of the vigorous anti-GM food protesting in Europe, and so this nutritionally-enhanced rice may not come to market at all15. PharmaceuticalsMedicines and vaccines often are costly to produce and sometimes require special storage conditions not readily available in third world countries. Researchers are working to develop edible vaccines in tomatoes and potatoes16, 17. These vaccines will be much easier to ship, store and administer than traditional injectable vaccines. PhytoremediationNot all GM plants are grown as crops. Soil and groundwater pollution continues to be a problem in all parts of the world. Plants such as poplar trees have been genetically engineered to clean up heavy metal pollution from contaminated soil18. How prevalent are GM crops? What plants are involved? According to the FDA and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), there are over 40 plant varieties that have completed all of the federal requirements for commercialization (http://vm. cfsan. fda. gov/%7Elrd/biocon). Some examples of these plants include tomatoes and cantalopes that have modified ripening characteristics, soybeans and sugarbeets that are resistant to herbicides, and corn and cotton plants with increased resistance to insect pests. Not all these products are available in supermarkets yet; however, the prevalence of GM foods in U. S. grocery stores is more widespread than is commonly thought. While there are very, very few genetically-modified whole fruits and vegetables available on produce stands, highly processed foods, such as vegetable oils or breakfast cereals, most likely contain some tiny percentage of genetically-modified ingredients because the raw ingredients have been pooled into one processing stream from many different sources. Also, the ubiquity of soybean derivatives as food additives in the modern American diet virtually ensures that all U. S. consumers have been exposed to GM food products. The U. S. statistics that follow are derived from data presented on the USDA web site at http://www. ers. usda. gov/briefing/biotechnology/. The global statistics are derived from a brief published by the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) at http://www. isaaa. org/publications/briefs/Brief_21. htm and from the Biotechnology Industry Organization at http://www. bio.org/foodag/1999Acreage. Thirteen countries grew genetically-engineered crops commercially in 2000, and of these, the U. S. produced the majority. In 2000, 68% of all GM crops were grown by U. S. farmers. In comparison, Argentina, Canada and China produced only 23%, 7% and 1%, respectively. Other countries that grew commercial GM crops in 2000 are Australia, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Mexico, Romania, South Africa, Spain, and Uruguay. Soybeans and corn are the top two most widely grown crops (82% of all GM crops harvested in 2000), with cotton, rapeseed (or canola) and potatoes trailing behind. 74% of these GM crops were modified for herbicide tolerance, 19% were modified for insect pest resistance, and 7% were modified for both herbicide tolerance and pest tolerance. Globally, acreage of GM crops has increased 25-fold in just 5 years, from approximately 4. 3 million acres in 1996 to 109 million acres in 2000 almost twice the area of the United Kingdom. Approximately 99 million acres were devoted to GM crops in the U. S. and Argentina alone. In the U. S. , approximately 54% of all soybeans cultivated in 2000 were genetically-modified, up from 42% in 1998 and only 7% in 1996. In 2000, genetically-modified cotton varieties accounted for 61% of the total cotton crop, up from 42% in 1998, and 15% in 1996. GM corn and also experienced a similar but less dramatic increase. Corn production increased to 25% of all corn grown in 2000, about the same as 1998 (26%), but up from 1. 5% in 1996. As anticipated, pesticide and herbicide use on these GM varieties was slashed and, for the most part, yields were increased (for details, see the UDSA publication at http://www. ers. usda. gov/publications/aer786/). What are some of the criticisms against GM foods? Environmental activists, religious organizations, public interest groups, professional associations and other scientists and government officials have all raised concerns about GM foods, and criticized agribusiness for pursuing profit without concern for potential hazards, and the government for failing to exercise adequate regulatory oversight. It seems that everyone has a strong opinion about GM foods. Even the Vatican19 and the Prince of Wales20 have expressed their opinions. Most concerns about GM foods fall into three categories: environmental hazards, human health risks, and economic concerns. Environmental hazards Unintended harm to other organismsLast year a laboratory study was published in Nature21 showing that pollen from B. t. corn caused high mortality rates in monarch butterfly caterpillars. Monarch caterpillars consume milkweed plants, not corn, but the fear is that if pollen from B. t. corn is blown by the wind onto milkweed plants in neighboring fields, the caterpillars could eat the pollen and perish. Although the Nature study was not conducted under natural field conditions, the results seemed to support this viewpoint. Unfortunately, B. t. toxins kill many species of insect larvae indiscriminately; it is not possible to design a B.t. toxin that would only kill crop-damaging pests and remain harmless to all other insects. This study is being reexamined by the USDA, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other non-government research groups, and preliminary data from new studies suggests that the original study may have been flawed22, 23. This topic is the subject of acrimonious debate, and both sides of the argument are defending their data vigorously. Currently, there is no agreement about the results of these studies, and the potential risk of harm to non-target organisms will need to be evaluated further. Reduced effectiveness of pesticidesJust as some populations of mosquitoes developed resistance to the now-banned pesticide DDT, many people are concerned that insects will become resistant to B. t. or other crops that have been genetically-modified to produce their own pesticides. Gene transfer to non-target speciesAnother concern is that crop plants engineered for herbicide tolerance and weeds will cross-breed, resulting in the transfer of the herbicide resistance genes from the crops into the weeds. These superweeds would then be herbicide tolerant as well. Other introduced genes may cross over into non-modified crops planted next to GM crops. The possibility of interbreeding is shown by the defense of farmers against lawsuits filed by Monsanto. The company has filed patent infringement lawsuits against farmers who may have harvested GM crops. Monsanto claims that the farmers obtained Monsanto-licensed GM seeds from an unknown source and did not pay royalties to Monsanto. The farmers claim that their unmodified crops were cross-pollinated from someone elses GM crops planted a field or two away. More investigation is needed to resolve this issue. There are several possible solutions to the three problems mentioned above. Genes are exchanged between plants via pollen. Two ways to ensure that non-target species will not receive introduced genes from GM plants are to create GM plants that are male sterile (do not produce pollen) or to modify the GM plant so that the pollen does not contain the introduced gene24, 25, 26. Cross-pollination would not occur, and if harmless insects such as monarch caterpillars were to eat pollen from GM plants, the caterpillars would survive. Another possible solution is to create buffer zones around fields of GM crops27, 28, 29. For example, non-GM corn would be planted to surround a field of B. t. GM corn, and the non-GM corn would not be harvested. Beneficial or harmless insects would have a refuge in the non-GM corn, and insect pests could be allowed to destroy the non-GM corn and would not develop resistance to B. t. pesticides. Gene transfer to weeds and other crops would not occur because the wind-blown pollen would not travel beyond the buffer zone. Estimates of the necessary width of buffer zones range from 6 meters to 30 meters or more30. This planting method may not be feasible if too much acreage is required for the buffer zones. Human health risks Allergenicity Many children in the US and Europe have developed life-threatening allergies to peanuts and other foods. There is a possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may create a new allergen or cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. A proposal to incorporate a gene from Brazil nuts into soybeans was abandoned because of the fear of causing unexpected allergic reactions31. Extensive testing of GM foods may be required to avoid the possibility of harm to consumers with food allergies. Labeling of GM foods and food products will acquire new importance, which I shall discuss later. Unknown effects on human healthThere is a growing concern that introducing foreign genes into food plants may have an unexpected and negative impact on human health. A recent article published in Lancet examined the effects of GM potatoes on the digestive tract in rats32, 33. This study claimed that there were appreciable differences in the intestines of rats fed GM potatoes and rats fed unmodified potatoes. Yet critics say that this paper, like the monarch butterfly data, is flawed and does not hold up to scientific scrutiny34. Moreover, the gene introduced into the potatoes was a snowdrop flower lectin, a substance known to be toxic to mammals. The scientists who created this variety of potato chose to use the lectin gene simply to test the methodology, and these potatoes were never intended for human or animal consumption. On the whole, with the exception of possible allergenicity, scientists believe that GM foods do not present a risk to human health. Economic concerns Bringing a GM food to market is a lengthy and costly process, and of course agri-biotech companies wish to ensure a profitable return on their investment. Many new plant genetic engineering technologies and GM plants have been patented, and patent infringement is a big concern of agribusiness. Yet consumer advocates are worried that patenting these new plant varieties will raise the price of seeds so high that small farmers and third world countries will not be able to afford seeds for GM crops, thus widening the gap between the wealthy and the poor. It is hoped that in a humanitarian gesture, more companies and non-profits will follow the lead of the Rockefeller Foundation and offer their products at reduced cost to impoverished nations. Patent enforcement may also be difficult, as the contention of the farmers that they involuntarily grew Monsanto-engineered strains when their crops were cross-pollinated shows. One way to combat possible patent infringement is to introduce a suicide gene into GM plants. These plants would be viable for only one growing season and would produce sterile seeds that do not germinate. Farmers would need to buy a fresh supply of seeds each year. However, this would be financially disastrous for farmers in third world countries who cannot afford to buy seed each year and traditionally set aside a portion of their harvest to plant in the next growing season. In an open letter to the public, Monsanto has pledged to abandon all research using this suicide gene technology35. How are GM foods regulated and what is the governments role in this process? Governments around the world are hard at work to establish a regulatory process to monitor the effects of and approve new varieties of GM plants. Yet depending on the political, social and economic climate within a region or country, different governments are responding in different ways. In Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare has announced that health testing of GM foods will be mandatory as of April 200136, 37. Currently, testing of GM foods is voluntary. Japanese supermarkets are offering both GM foods and unmodified foods, and customers are beginning to show a strong preference for unmodified fruits and vegetables. Indias government has not yet announced a policy on GM foods because no GM crops are grown in India and no products are commercially available in supermarkets yet38. India is, however, very supportive of transgenic plant research. It is highly likely that India will decide that the benefits of GM foods outweigh the risks because Indian agriculture will need to adopt drastic new measures to counteract the countrys endemic poverty and feed its exploding population. Some states in Brazil have banned GM crops entirely, and the Brazilian Institute for the Defense of Consumers, in collaboration with Greenpeace, has filed suit to prevent the importation of GM crops39,. Brazilian farmers, however, have resorted to smuggling GM soybean seeds into the country because they fear economic harm if they are unable to compete in the global marketplace with other grain-exporting countries.

Toys R Us: Overview and analysis

Toys R Us: Overview and analysis Toys R Us is a chain store specialized in toys, created in 1948 in the United States of America by Charles Lazarus. The company has been bought in 2006 by American and English investment funds (KKR, Bain Capital Partners LLC and Vornado Reality Trust). Today, there are 1566 stores all around the world. We can count 849 stores which are implanted in its origin country that is to say is the USA and 717 stores in 34 others countries. The company is the world leader and owns the biggest store of toys on Times Square in New York with 10 000 m ². ToysRUs has been developed in France in 1989 and we can count today 42 stores which Paris la Dà ©fense store is the biggest ToysRUs of Europe. On the French market, the company is also the leader of the distribution of games/toys and detains 13.2% of the toy market share. ToysRUs leadership is due to its staffs passion, its daily commitment toward its customers and its ability to be sensitive to its employees needs like training and such. Furthermore, there is a strong team spirit and human relationship which is simple and user-friendly. The following part is based on the information you can find on the official website of the brand. (toysrus.com) Key figures ToysR Us France: 42 stores Average area sales store: 2600m ² More than 10 000 references More than 500 suppliers 1524 employees Toys R Us developed its innovative own brand in each universe. For instance, the most popular are Bruin (first age toys and childcare articles), FastLane (boys toys), You Me (Dolls), Just like Home (kitchen), Stats (outdoor toys) and Universe of Imagination (creative play). ToysRUs Missions: Toys RUs has to offer the family a full range of toys, leisure and childcare in a magic universe. Its priorities are about children, customers, staffs, grow and make people grown. ToysRUs its choice: indeed the company propose a variety of articles which correspond to peoples needs ToysRUs its novelty: the company anticipate childrens requests and needs in order to offer them products which follow trends, the news, and the environment. ToysRUs its advice and expertise: with 50 years of experience in the world, and 20 years in France, ToysRUs has developed its expertise on the field by selecting toys up-stream and giving advice with a goal of childrens happiness. ToysRUs its service: the company pays attention to customers satisfaction. ToysRUs tries to offer services adapted to children and parents. For instance service birth list, loan strollerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Toys RUs Values: PASSION Because we love our profession and we work to serve children. TEAM SPIRIT Because complicity exists with our customers but also with our teams. COMMITMENT Because we have the choice of products and the quality service for children is something important. CONFIDENCE Because relationship with our customers is based on a real knowledge of our products. RESPONSIBILITY Because our wish is to share something together: childrens welfare. Those values are the official ones set by the firm. ToysRUs Strategy: The company strategy is focused on service and especially on toys selection. ToysRUs always tries to anticipate on the trend and locks its orders before its competitors. It allows ToysRUs to have a high negotiation power with its suppliers. Another point of its strategy is to practice low prices compared to its competitors in order to make its customers more loyal. Moreover, ToysRUs has a development strategy which consist in opening news stores in new strategic places in order to increase its turnover. Finally, the company has adopted a multichannel strategy by creating a website so as to sell its toys for people who live far from a store. ToysRUs Position: To face up to its competitors, ToysRUs has decided to change its position. In this way, in 2000 the company developed a concept of entertainment more transverse with a large range of products like video games, creative leisureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦This diversification allows ToysRUs to sell products throughout the year. The company positions itself as the largest toy retailer by offering a larger selection of toys than any other retailer at the lowest prices which allows ToysRUs to increase its customers loyalty. ToysRUs targets: The company targets anyone important for the child like parents, grandparents, godfathers or siblings with any income. Toys Market: French people are the biggest toys buyers of Europe before England and Germany. In 2009, the toy market has increased of 2.7% in France and represents 3 billion euros, more specifically 235 euros a year a child. This market grows up about 10% every years for ten years. ToysRUS Competitors: There is a high competition between specialists and supermarkets. Specialists represent 44.9% of the market share whereas supermarkets own 40.9% of the market share. We notice that the market share of the supermarkets tends to decrease that benefit from specialists. Supermarket competitors: Carrefour E.Leclerc Auchan Specialists competitors: La Grande Rà ©crà © King Jouet Jouet Club Jouet Land We forgot to point out an other important competitor which is Internet! Indeed more and more people buy on the Internet. The mains Internet competitors are Ebay, Priceminister, avenuedesjeux.com, eveiletjeux.com or rueducommerce. SWOT Analysis: Strengths : Own brand which represents 20% of the turnover. Good Location, near the RER A ans near the Bay 1 mall World leader, Large distribution networks, Strong reputation, High visibility thanks to the stores opening all around the world Store layout shaped path A large references Low prices Weeknesses : Few animations, Few creative workshops, few birthday organizations which only exist in the USA. Highest prices than supermarkets and on the Internet. Stock problems Not enough video games Opportunities : Located near a shopping mall so the company can capture the flows of the shopping center. Threats : Commercial sites on the Internet Used sells like flea market ToysRUs Communication ToysRUs has created the  « megapack  » concept during the holiday season and which allows to benefit from a reduction of 30 to 50% of the first article. Ways of communication : Press Displays Partnership Direct mail : to reach our target tat home Radio: to capitalize on the significant time our target spends listening to the radio, most often while driving Television: to capture the attention of our target, who spends an average of 12 hours a week watching TV http://www.toysrus.fr/cms_widgets/20/95/209559_assets/TRU_spacer200.jpg

Equality by Differences Essay -- essays research papers fc

Equality by Differences   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The end of the Civil War marked the destruction of the institution of slavery and thus, at least officially, the equality of all races within America. However, people used to being either slaves or masters for many years simply do not change out of their former roles overnight. In the decades following the Civil War, the legacy of slavery was very apparent, as blacks struggled with both poverty and second-class citizen status. True equality had yet been achieved. Such was the aim of writers like W.E.B Dubois and Booker T. Washington, who sought to put both level the social, political, and economic playing fields for both blacks and whites. Although both Dubois and Washington had similar ends, they disagreed on the means. Washington considered blacks’ poverty the more basic problem, claiming that once blacks could establish themselves economically within society, recognition as political and cultural equals would follow. However, Dubois took the opposite sta nce by saying that the training of blacks for economic usefulness was no better than what had occurred during slavery, and that before all else, blacks as a race must assert their unique identity and cultural integrity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Booker T. Washington stressed in his article, â€Å"The Awakening of the Negro†, the importance of blacks being able to economically support themselves. By proving themselves as productive members of society, blacks could win the approval of whites, and slowly but surely gain recognition as equals. No longer would blacks be considered a sub-human people, but a people that white people saw as worthy of respect and admiration. By using their status as a free people to integrate themselves into the economic life of America, blacks could become the providers of many goods and necessities to whites. By becoming a vital cog in the economic machine, blacks could then become a social and political force that whites could no longer ignore or dismiss. This is the rationale for Washington as he stresses industrial training in his Tuskegee Institute: â€Å"we find that as every year we put into a Southern community colored men who can start a brick-yard, a sawmill, a tin-shop, or a printing-office, -- men who produce something that makes the white man partly dependent upon the Negro, instead of all the dependence being on the... ...p;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two writers’ theories were applied in real life, as Washington set up the Tuskegee Institute to help in the economic training of black persons in the South, while Dubois formed the NAACP to organize black people as a group and race. Both Dubois and Washington had logical explanations of their positions, and the fruits of their beliefs and work are evident today, as race relations continue to improve and the drive for true equality among Americans of every color pushes forth. Works Cited Du Bois, W.E.B. â€Å"Of Our Spiritual Strivings.† Making Connections. McGraw-Hill:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boston, 2001. Du Bois, W.E.B. â€Å"Of the Training of Black Men.† The Atlantic Monthly. 12 February 1997. . Washington, Booker T. â€Å"The Awakening of the Negro.† The Atlantic Monthly. 12 February 1997. . Washington, Booker T. â€Å"The Case of the Negro.† The Atlantic Monthly. 12 February   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1997. .

ancestry: roots :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The experiment calls for us to trace our ancestry in any manner possible and trace where we as an ethnicity came from. I decided to concentrate on my mothers’ side of the family because it is more interesting and something other members in my family have already started to investigate. I choose not to concentrate on my fathers’ side because being Mexican is the general term people associate me with. I wanted to elaborate on the other part of my culture, being Native American.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the stories my great grandmother told my mother back in the day, we have always known that we were Native American Indians. When my mother was told these stories it was not that big of a deal to be Indian, therefore she did not pay much attention to detail. After my great grandfather died, we found out his brother was receiving benefits from certain Indian tribes and was entitled to land. This information made my mother and her siblings start to question their original background in specific detail. When they contacted their uncle he had no information for them and told them that he would not share how he was able to receive benefits. He told my aunt that he wanted the family to work hard and not accept free money. My aunt explained that she just wanted to know about her father, who was deceased by now, so my great uncle shared some stories with her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We found out that my great grandfather was from the Mascalero-Apache tribe in New Mexico. He was born in New Mexico, Katilino Quivas, in the late 1890’s. He was kicked out of his own tribe for marrying my great grandmother, who was from a different tribe. Some people in my family say that he was the chief of the tribe, so then did he kick himself out? We are not sure if that is true and are trying to find literature on the notion. What we do know is that he changed his last name from Quivas to Beltran. At that time there was a lot of segregation and hostility towards Indians. His brother notes that it was better to be considered Mexican than Indian at the time, for Indians were lower than Blacks. They concealed their Native American background and hid the fact that they were from a tribe. Katilino Beltran then joined the army and fought in World War I. ancestry: roots :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The experiment calls for us to trace our ancestry in any manner possible and trace where we as an ethnicity came from. I decided to concentrate on my mothers’ side of the family because it is more interesting and something other members in my family have already started to investigate. I choose not to concentrate on my fathers’ side because being Mexican is the general term people associate me with. I wanted to elaborate on the other part of my culture, being Native American.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the stories my great grandmother told my mother back in the day, we have always known that we were Native American Indians. When my mother was told these stories it was not that big of a deal to be Indian, therefore she did not pay much attention to detail. After my great grandfather died, we found out his brother was receiving benefits from certain Indian tribes and was entitled to land. This information made my mother and her siblings start to question their original background in specific detail. When they contacted their uncle he had no information for them and told them that he would not share how he was able to receive benefits. He told my aunt that he wanted the family to work hard and not accept free money. My aunt explained that she just wanted to know about her father, who was deceased by now, so my great uncle shared some stories with her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We found out that my great grandfather was from the Mascalero-Apache tribe in New Mexico. He was born in New Mexico, Katilino Quivas, in the late 1890’s. He was kicked out of his own tribe for marrying my great grandmother, who was from a different tribe. Some people in my family say that he was the chief of the tribe, so then did he kick himself out? We are not sure if that is true and are trying to find literature on the notion. What we do know is that he changed his last name from Quivas to Beltran. At that time there was a lot of segregation and hostility towards Indians. His brother notes that it was better to be considered Mexican than Indian at the time, for Indians were lower than Blacks. They concealed their Native American background and hid the fact that they were from a tribe. Katilino Beltran then joined the army and fought in World War I.

Case Study: Jollibee Foods Corporation Essay

Problem Statement: The newly appointed head of International division Mr Manolo .P. Tingzon is pondering into three key opportunities that the firm Jollibee Food Corporation facing whether to enter the small PNG(Papua New Guinea) market where it will be a first mover, to expand into Hong Kong where is an existing base but the local people doesn’t like Jollibee’s Philippines-based fast food model, and a proposal to share the huge benefit in U.S. market by establishing an operation in California. Objectives: 1. Keep the original business model: franchising 2. Maintaining Marketing investment in building image (symbolization) 3. Local market penetration with strong local brands 4. Highly customer responsiveness 5. Maintain customer value and loyalty 6. Establishing the commercial spots in foreign countries Alternatives: 1. Market entry strategies such as Franchising, Alliances, Joint ventures, Wholly owned subsidiaries 2. Substantive growth strategies: Horizontal and vertical integration strategies 3. Limited growth strategies: Do nothing, Market penetration strategies 4. Retrenchment strategies: Retrenchment, Turnaround strategies Consequences of Alternatives: When analyzing the case study it is clear that Jollibee Inc. has higher pressure to respond to local wishes in Philippines due to the entry of global giants like McDonalds. This is due to the fact that Jollibee had a strong presence in Philippines but at the same it should tackle the adaptation pressure from McDonalds. This is also supported by the fact that Jollibee was franchising their brand to foreign countries on very strict terms which do not allow any changes to the menu. And we can use the goals including Keep the original business model: franchising, Maintaining Marketing investment in building image (symbolization), Local market penetration with strong local brands, Highly customer responsiveness, Maintain customer value and loyalty and Establishing the commercial spots in foreign countries with the four strategy (Market entry strategies, Substantive growth strategies, Limited growth strategies and Retrenchment strategies to established the table 1. Tradeoffs/ Analysis of Alternatives: Tingzon’s decision can based on the table 2 shows below, it can be seen clearly that the Substantive growth strategies (Horizontal and vertical integration strategies) has the highly scores. Because Jollibee entering the markets without any clear cut idea, since Mr. Kitchner strongly believe in gaining the first mover advantage, Jollibee is expanding into the markets where the competitors little are no presence, to â€Å"plant the flag† without any long term perspectives. The company’s strategy can be more identified with the international strategy where the locus of power lies with the parent company in the Philippines. With much of happening in the international arena too. After Kitchners got hired, he encouraged localization by separating international business completely from the domestic ones. Recommendations: Papua New Guinea As evident from the data given in the case, it is quite evident that the company is having immense opportunities in Papua New Guinea. As the market there is untapped and the only competitor there is an unorganized and unprofessional local company, Jollibee can literally get a first mover advantage, therefore JFC must choose the Horizontal and vertical integration strategy. Hong Kong Currently all the three stores established in Hong Kong are facing lot of management issues as mentioned in the problem statement hence it is required that first this management issues must be sorted out rather than putting additional resources in expansion plans California The company has to start with focusing on both the Filipinos as well as local people and design the menu that would help maintaining the brand identity along with catering to the local interests. To put it simple and straight, Company needs to adapt a trans-national strategy.

Environmental Racism: Take Out the Race Essay

The best way to avoid environmental racism is to avoid the subject of race at all costs. Race should never be the subject of any discussion about vital decisions regarding humanity, because when race becomes a focal point, then the discussion automatically becomes racist. The best way to avoid racism in general, including environmental racism, is to keep race out of important debates and choices, including environmental, social, economic, and political ones. When politicians plan for the development of a city, neighborhood, or industry, which has an environmental impact, the best thing politicians can do is to either allow businesses to make their own economic judgments about how, where, and when to build, or to simply use sound economic judgment themselves. If one looks to business and urban planning or environmental development and protection, one must look to costs and benefits. If the costs are low and benefits are high to a city or region in regard to incoming business or environmental changes, then the politicians should make the decision to act in favor of good business and environmental practices. In my opinion, race has no place in the discussion. Sound economics should be considered, including sound planning and social and environmental benefits, but race is never a smart card to be played. Why consider race? Considering it only makes racism more of a truth and reality. Environmental justice is important, social justice is important, and economic justice is important. All of these are linked together, and, in all of these, the color of a person’s skin is an outdated and silly point of consideration. Best practices in government, in business, in ecology, are fundamentally tied to one another, and bringing differing races into the argument is only prejudiced and unreasonable. Protecting all of united humanity and humanity’s surrounding ecology should always be a consideration, but divisive race should never be. It proves fruitless. References (Client’s uploaded article information. No author, date, title, or publisher provided. )